Note: The important orders that relate to the green industry or those we may find associated with turfgrass are highlighted in green. These are the ones that I wish to cover and would like you to become competent in diagnosing their presence when you're managing turfgrass and landscapes.

Class: Enthognatha
Order	Common Name	Metamorphosis	Wings	Mouthparts	Distinctive Features and Other Information	Images
Protura "first tail"	proturans	none	none	sucking	without anntenae
Collembola "glue bolt or wedge"	springtails	none	none	chewing	furcula (spring) on bottom of abdomen
Diplura "two tail"	diplurans	none	none	chewing	two caudal filaments body not covered with scales
Class: Insecta
Order	Common Name	Metamorphosis	Wings	Mouthparts	Distinctive Features and Other Information
Microcoryphia "small head"	jumping bristletails	none	none	chewing	body covered with scales abdomen with a pair of styli on segments 2-9
Thysanura "bristle or fringe tail"	silverfish and firebrats	none	none	chewing	fine scales on body 3 tails at end of abdomen
Ephemeroptera "for a day winged"	mayflies	gradual	1-2 pair membraneous	chewing vestigal in the adult	forewings larger than hindwings 2 or 3 tails at end of abdomen
Odonata "toothed"	dragonflies, damselflies	gradual	2 pair membraneous	chewing	large insects with unfolded, nearly alike wings eyes big no cerci
Grylloblattaria "combination cricket and cockroach"	rock crawlers	gradual	none	chewing	slender insects with long antennae only 20 species in the world
Phasmida "apparition or specter"	walkingsticks	gradual	small tegmina and membraneous or absent	chewing	body sticklike wings greatly reduced
Orthoptera "straight wings"	grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids	gradual	tegmina and membraneous	chewing	forewings leathery, hindwings membraneous
Manodea "soothsayer"	mantids	gradual	tegmina and membraneous	chewing	forewings leathery, hindwings membraneous
Blattaria "fleeing from"	cockroaches	gradual	tegmina and membraneous	chewing	forewings leathery, hindwings membraneous
Isoptera "equal wings"	termites	gradual	2 pair membraneous or none	chewing	sexual forms pigmented, others pales, without pigment
Dermaptera "skin wings"	earwigs	gradual	short, hard tegmina membraneous hindwings	chewing	forceps at end of abdomen
Embioptera "embodied with life"	webspinners or embiids	gradual	2 pair or none	chewing	long flat body tarsi of forelegs enlarged for spinning silk southern U.S.
Plecoptera "folded wings"	stoneflies	gradual	2 pair membraneous	chewing	two long cerci
Zoraptera "pure wingless"	zorapterans	gradual	2 pair or none	chewing	minute insects (3 mm or less) southern PA to SW U.S., feed on fungus spores under bark or in rotting wood
Psocoptera "rub small wings"	booklice, barklice	gradual	2 pair	chewing	small insects with "roofed"wings
Phthiraptera "lice without wings"	biting, bird and sucking lice	gradual	none	chewing, piercing-sucking	minute flat insects with wide or narrow heads ectoparasites
Hemiptera "half wings"	true bugs	gradual	2 pair	piercing-sucking	beak rises from front of head
Homoptera "uniform wings"	aphids, scale insects, cicadas, whiteflies, leafhoppers	gradual	2 pair or none	piercing-sucking	beak rises from underside of head
Thysanoptera "fringe wings"	thrips	gradual/complete	2 pair	piercing-sucking	tarsi bladder-like at tip
Neuroptera "nerve wings"	lacewings, fishflies, alderflies, antlions	complete	2 pair	chewing	wings net-veined and roofed
Coleoptera "sheath wings"	beetles, weevils	complete	2 pair	chewing	forewings hard and veinless
Strepsiptera "twisted wings"	twisted winged insects	complete	2 pair front reduced none of female	chewing	parasitic on other insects small
Mecoptera "long wings"	scorpionflies	complete	2 pair	chewing	head elongated ventrally forming a beak
Siphonaptera "a tube wingless"	fleas	complete	none	piercing-sucking	small laterally compressed
Diptera "two wings"	flies	complete	1 pair	piercing-sucking, or sponging	forewings present hindwings modified to halteres
Trichoptera "hair wings"	caddisflies	complete	2 pair	chewing	wings covered with hairs and held rooflike
Lepidoptera "scale wings"	butterflies, moths, skippers	complete	2 pair	siphoning	proboscis long and coiled
Hymenoptera "membrane wings"	ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies	complete	2 pair	chewing, or chewing-lapping	membraneous wings with few veins base of abdomen constricted